c++ complete reference text book for free download

C++ from scratch This is a wonderfull ebook on C++ in pdf format and its free to download with following topics l Chapter 1 - Introduction l Chapter 2 - Getting Started l Chapter 3 - Program Flow l Chapter 4 - Creating Classes l Chapter 5 - Playing the Game l Chapter 6 - Using Linked Lists l Chapter 7 - The Canonical Methods l Chapter 8 - Using Polymorphism l Chapter 9 - Implementing Templates l Chapter 10 - Leveraging Standard Template l Chapter 11 - The Computer Guesses l Chapter 12 - Delegating Responsibility l Chapter 13 - Persistence l Chapter 14 - Exceptions l Chapter 15 - Next Steps l Appendix A - Binary and Hexadecimal l Appendix B - Operator Precedence

C++ (pronounced /ˌsiː plʌs ˈplʌs/ see plus plus) is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as a "middle-level" language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.^[2] It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with Classes. It was renamed C++ in 1983.^[3]

C++ is one of the most popular programming languages ever created^[4][5] and its application domains include systems software, application software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications, and entertainment software such as video games. Several groups provide both free and proprietary C++ compiler software, including the GNU Project, Microsoft, Intel and Embarcadero Technologies. C++ has greatly influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably C# and Java.

C++ is also used for hardware design, where design is initially described in C++, then analyzed, architecturally constrained, and scheduled to create a register transfer level hardware description language via high-level synthesis.^{[citation needed]}

The language began as enhancements to C, first adding classes, then virtual functions, operator overloading, multiple inheritance, templates, and exception handling among other features. After years of development, the C++ programming language standard was ratified in 1998 asISO/IEC 14882:1998. That standard is still current, but is amended by the 2003 technical corrigendum, ISO/IEC 14882:2003. The next standard version (known informally as C++0x) is in development.

c++ the complete reference text book for download

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